The Roman Empire
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KS2 · History
The Roman Empire
Year 4 · History
Total marks
21
Over 2,000 years ago, one of the greatest empires the world has ever seen stretched across three continents. The Romans built mighty armies, beautiful cities, and roads that still exist today. But how did they end up in Britain — and what did they leave behind?
The Roman Empire was ruled from the city of Rome in Italy. At its peak, it covered parts of Europe, North Africa, and western Asia. The Romans first tried to invade Britain in 55 BC under Julius Caesar, but the full conquest came in 43 AD under Emperor Claudius. Roman soldiers were called legionaries and were among the best-trained soldiers in the ancient world.
What were Roman soldiers called?
From which city was the Roman Empire ruled?
In 122 AD, Emperor Hadrian visited Britain and ordered a massive wall to be built across the north of England. It stretched 73 miles (117 km) from coast to coast. The wall marked the northern frontier of the Roman Empire and kept out tribes from modern-day Scotland, called the Picts. Soldiers lived in forts along the wall and watched for attacks.
Fast Fact
Hadrian’s Wall took about 6 years to build and required thousands of soldiers and workers. Parts of it still stand today!
Which group of people did the wall keep out?
Explain why you think the Romans built Hadrian’s Wall rather than continuing to conquer further north. Give at least one reason.
The Romans changed Britain dramatically. They built straight roads to move armies quickly — many modern roads follow the same routes. They built bathhouses where people washed and socialised. Wealthy Romans lived in large country houses called villas, with mosaic floors and underfloor heating called a hypocaust. They introduced new foods like apples, pears, and even cats!
Why did the Romans build straight roads?
Describe THREE ways the Romans changed life in Britain. Use evidence from the theory above.
By 410 AD, the Roman Empire was struggling. Tribes called the Visigoths attacked Rome itself, and the Emperor told the people of Britain they would have to defend themselves. After nearly 400 years, Roman rule in Britain came to an end. The Romans left, but their language, buildings, and ideas stayed behind — shaping Britain forever.
Which group attacked Rome and contributed to the empire's collapse?
Do you think the Roman invasion of Britain was good or bad for the people living here? Use what you have learned to explain your answer.